Jingyu EDUC500

Red and white Islamic ceramic pattern at the back. The book has a jacket. Two smaller polyhedra objects to the right of the box. Still not sure what the large object on the right hand side is. Similar to the second time, I seek confirmation of objects I already noticed and remembered, before moving on to items that were overlooked. It is easier to remember things I already know.

Observation 1 Shumzzle boardgame, panda on the side Colourful puzzles Grey crocodile Green man Book at the back, King of Infinite Space, man on cover page Teacup and saucer, clock pattern Round shaped toys, big and small Brown feather on messenger box Observation 2 Panda on the front as well Lizzard puzzle Red*2, yellow*2, blue*2, green*2 and black*1 robot Statue behind the book Red and white puzzle at the back Football shaped toy Box with 精品风筝 on Another puzzle to the right Not a messenger box, not sure what it is For the second observation, I tend to confirm what I already know by giving it a second look. Then I paid more attention to things I missed at the first go.

Lester, F. 2011. Theories of Mathematics Education Research framework is a “basic structure of ideas that serve as the basis for a phenomenon that is to be investigated” (p.69). In other words, it is the foundation on which researchers build their research activities. According to the author, research framework serves the following purposes: 1) to conceptualize and design research studies, 2) to make sense of the data, 3) to look beyond common sense, and 4) to deepen understanding. Theoretical framework guides research with a developed theory. It is, however, not without its own problems: 1) some researchers make data fit the theory, 2) data is often stripped of context to serve the theory, 3) theoretical discourse not applicable to day-to-day practice, and 4) single theory does not allow room for theoretical triangulation. Two other types of research frameworks were also introduced, and as Lester put it, “have serious shortcomings” (p.70). Practical framew...

Seeing is believing. Ravens are black. Common sense. All ravens are black. An old Chinese saying "three (person) makes a tiger". Once an event is verified on numerous accounts, it becomes a fact. For example, 2 different sources of news.  Scientific research. Historical research and data indicate that ravens are black. Until proven otherwise.

Sun’s (2012) paper is a case study of a Chinese immigrant language teacher, Wenying, at a secondary school in New Zealand. The author argued that teacher’s identity and cultural heritage plays an important role in shaping her personal practical knowledge and teaching practice. Focus questions: 1) What are the characteristics of teachers’ personal practical knowledge? 2) What factors shape their personal practical knowledge? World view: Teacher’s identity and cultural background have an impact on his/her knowledge and teaching practice. Philosophy/ Epistemology: Humans, individually and socially lead storied lives. Through such stories, each person interprets his/her own experiences and forms personal knowledge. Theory: Knowledge and practice are inseparable from one’s identity and cultural belonging. Principle: Factors that influence teacher's beliefs, thinking process and classroom actions are complex. Concept: Teacher knowledge, person...

In addition to the Aoki article, I also watched 2 videos on Edible Schoolyard project in Berkeley and School Gardens in the Bronx. Aoki’s paper presented the two worlds of the curriculum. At one end of the spectrum, there is the "curriculum-as-plan" - what should be taught in schools, planned by authorities outside the classroom. At the other end, there is the "curriculum-as-lived-experiences" – the reality inside the classroom as teachers deal with pupils each with their own uniqueness on a daily basis. Teachers are then caught in between the two worlds, accountable for maintaining the sameness of the pre-planned curriculum while taking into account the uniqueness of each individual pupil. This is where education research should come in. By identifying the gap between the planned curriculum and the reality, education researchers can then address the gap and improve the situations for those involved. The examples shown in the two videos are aspiring for...

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